To the ends of the analysis carried out in the continuation of the thesis job, this paragraph assumes
a fundamental importance, because from the configuration of the Districts it is possible to comprise the situation puts into
effect them and to intuire in which way it can be obtained I throw again, and which type of system of support to the
decisions adapted to ciascuna type.
Knowing the past it is only possible to comprise the future.
It's possible to identify three configurations of Districts:
- Traditional district
- District with enterprise leader
- District with entity goal-manager
In the first case the District is characterized like "integrated system", in which there is the agglomeration of PMI highly
specialized in a process or in more it makes itself than, and or more hub firms, that is companies that have one focale position
to the inside of the induced one.
The enterprises hub generally are of greater dimension and produce the end product that will exit from the same District;
for this also they have developed a sure interaction with the outside and have directed final approached .
In according to case, leader is composed from various sub-suppliers of or more enterprises who has important
dimensions (as an example Natuzzi followed from Calia and Nicoletti in the District of Altamura-MT).
The enterprise leader who adopts the more important strategies of increase, and stretches to "internalizzare" competences that
before were of other smaller enterprises and that for competitive requirements it stretches to incorporate through acquisitions
and important investments for the District.
Obvious is the interface between District and outside is held from the enterprise leader or however from enterprises in tightened
contact with that guide.
In the last case taken in consideration, the configuration of the District is characterized from
the formation of organizations, consortia, often promoted from public institutions, that they supply to follow the District
supplying advising, in fields which certification ISO, training professional, development produced, and other services.
In many cases the consortium selects, buys the crude materials or the members for the district enterprises, try new customers;
in this case of it is the metamanagement to make from interface with the outside.
The ORGANIZATION Of the PRODUCTION PROCESS
Once it identifies the roles to you of the enterprises in the district row and visualized the
configurations of the main Italian Districts, the production process is necessary to comprise as structure, and as they turn
out subdivided the several ones is made of the working of the product.
The efficiency of the production of the Districts
is riconducibile in part to the elevated division of labor , which, thanks to the driven in net of Inter-organized
relationships you, concurs with the single enterprises to maximize the use of the systems, to give place to economies of scale,
to specialize the force job and to achieve therefore it elevates rendering to you from the same one.
The production
processes come decomposed in more make that they temporarily turn out space and realizable in separate way.
- As an example, in the case of a production of divani, there are groups of enterprises that are taken care of the skin,
others of the chassis, others of the accessories, others of the padding. To the inside of the single ones it is made there
are other sottofasi, carried out from other groups of enterprises, as an example some companies are taken care of the production
of chassis in plastic, others in wood, other anchor take care of both the tipology. To the end one is had complex relation
of competition and collaboration.
The competition
is developed between equal enterprises, that is enterprises that work the same product and carry out the same activity.
This contributes to confer to the system a detached dynamism, in fact the enterprises are stimulated to search and to adopt
the less expensive productive solutions, engaging generally in one modest but profitable activity of search of new solutions
innovated to you.
The cooperation relationships turn out instead from the existing complementarità between
units that situate to various levels of the productive cycle (committenti enterprises and sub - fornitrici). The positive
effects you of the relationships of estrinsecano cooperation in many directions.
In the first place the cooperation allows
the enterprises to enjoy the connected external economies to the total dimension of the District. But above all it assures
an effective activity of coordination, that the aliquot character of the process is extremely important data.
Moreover
the Districts, in virtue of the division of the production between more independent subjects, are in a position to quickly
adapting the offer, on the quantitative and qualitative plan, to the which-quantitative variations of the final question.
The adaptability is in particular the result of two property of the district productive structure: the elasticity
(variation of the production volume) and the flexibility (variation of mix the productive one).