Protagonists indiscusse of the Industrial Districts are the small and medium enterprises
(PMI) that they have always given a strong contribution to the Italian economy.
OF, approximately 201 on all the national
territory, they are characterizes you from the presence, in an area medium of 50Km2, numerous small and averages enterprises,
with a dependent number that varies from little tens to some hundred.
The dependent number is of approximately 2.200.000,
and constitutes 42% of the Italian manifacturing occupation.
They produce assets pertaining to the same goods type, the same productive family, and have one strongly interrelation,
involuntary volunteer and; in the greater part of the cases, in the District an only type of product is produced and the
several enterprises are engaged in one or little it is made of the production of the good.
In a generalized manner,
it is possible to identify some common characteristics to the various ones OF, that they are dislocates to you indifferently
on all the national territory, illustrated in the continuation.
The tipology of District Enterprise
Of continuation two "didactic" classifications of the enterprises of the Districts are proposed.
One first classification has been carried out based on the positioning of the enterprises in the chain of the job, distinguishing
between:
- enterprises finish them , are those that produce the end product and that they have approached on the markets of
outlet (as an example, assemblage and is made accessory);
- contoterziste enterprises (monophase or plurifase),
are those been involved in or more it is made as an example of the production (, in the production of divani, are those that
tan the skin, or imbottiscono the pillows);
- fornitrici enterprises , operate in a various industry from that it
identifies the end product, but belong to the same vertically integrated field of the enterprises finish them (to es. in a
District of the apparel these coincide with the enterprises that produce buttons).
Then, based on the strategic behavior -
competitive of the operating enterprises to the inside of the Districts, it is possible to characterize four tipology of
enterprises:
- enterprises leader , are enterprises that stop a dominanza position on the reference market and that they have
developed to a set of competences that feeds a sostenibile competitive advantage in the comparisons of the contenders,
premises and not;
- enterprises follower , are enterprises that show oneself on the niche markets and that they
introduce a substantial weakness in the innovation competences and planning of the product, which they make forehead above
all adapting and imitating the products launch from the enterprises leader;
- specialized enterprises , are enterprises
that have developed specific competences in the productive area and that they are in a position to offering, thanks to the
distintive competences that they develop, a valid contribution to the competitiveness of the enterprises leader and more in a
generalized manner to all the enterprises of the District;
- "blocked" enterprises , are enterprises that they execute,
on behalf of or more committenti, detailed lists workings and that they turn out in a position of contractual weakness and
dependency in the comparisons of upgrade them customers, due not only to the structure of the offer (numerosity of the enterprises,
insufficient differentiation of the product), but also to the lack of informative asymmetries with respect to the productivity of
the systems, to the times and the costs of working.