The INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS: FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS And STRUCTURES
The THREE POINTS HINGE
Reassuming and focusing, OF they have three winning characteristics of fundamental importance. THE INDUSTRIAL FIELD It seems that the formation of the industrial Districts has interested mostly some fields productive
rather than others, and in particular those fields in which:
The first one is the flexible specialization that has marked the passage from the enterprise of great dimensions
of fordista type, based on the standardization of the processes and the products, to the subdivision of the job between small
enterprises closely interdependent and concentrated in a defined area.
This model has been in a position to facing the
complexity and the turbulence acclimatizes them. It has allowed to obtain strong economies of scale, like for the great
enterprises, and strongly ability to adaptation (meant like variation of volume and mix) like the small enterprises, even if
within it determines limits to you.
The second evidence is that one of the industrial atmosphere , that it
represents a complex with of social and economic relations of informal nature, meets favorites from the small business
dimension (more info and little bureaucracy) and from the vicinity of the job centers (more direct and personal contacts);
that has contributed also to hold bottoms the prices of the costs of transaction, that is the passages of assets and acquaintances
from a interdistrettuale company to an other. With the increase of the district dimensions the necessity to increase to the
intensity and the number of the relations has been that one that more has contributed to the introduction of the comunicative
and informative innovations of the ICT.
Finally the learning processes , than are distinguished in acquaintance
of external origin, deriving from a continuous interaction of the district truth with the external atmosphere, and acquaintance
of inner origin, fruit of the genetic patrimony of the District.
Before it can be identified fundamentalally with with
of the acquired technological acquaintances through the graft of products and services, usually activity not Core, that is not closely connected with the business business.
To the second one, instead,
the acquaintances of "operating-esperienziale" nature belong, fruit of the historical memory of the production processes
and the interaction between the various district units.
Such ability has revealed the more important source than economic
vital of at least until when the competitive context in which they they have operated has been tendentially static and the
adaptive learning, characterized from a behavior of type "stimulus-answer" and based on an improvement process they of the
products, the services, the technologies and the actions of marketing increases.
The improvement of the performances
demanded from the process of internationalization to forehead of an increasing competitiveness passes from an taken care
of analysis and management of with of acquaintances and above all from one answer not more consequence of the stimulus,
but of one forecast
In
the specific one, the typical products apparel, footwear realize to you in the Italian Districts are the durable consumer
goodses for the person (, glance at them, etc.) and the raw materials relative ones (you weave them, leather, skins); the
assets for the house (furnitures, ceramics, glasses); it blots of it that serves to produce the uni and the other assets.
Draft of traditional so-called productions to mature technology, characterized from an elevated stilistico content and strongly
subject to the factor fashion.
From the points over it lists to you would seem it are not to us great space for complex
investments, or however to high average cost; like described in the first point, the investments are reduced. Consequently,
investments of informatizations, automation and process control possible single in would be determined conditions.
In the
Districts with enterprise leader, this last one has the ability ability financial institution of a great company, and could
support an important investment; same it has remarkable infuence and decisional, directed and indirect power, in the comparisons
of the other enterprises of the District.
In the Districts with metamanagement they would be perhaps possible participations
of restructure of the District, perhaps but it would involve long times, above all if the consortium is public.
A last solution, possible in all and the
three configurations that have been shown previously, is that one of the interest, or however of the involvement, private
companies with sufficient experience and dimensions adapted, that they enter to tightened contact with of and that they make
from catalyst and propulsive motor for the introduction of the just innovations.
The case that will come illustrated in
the continuation of the job, that is the Unitec enterprise, the instrument of the Virtual Warehouse and System of Support to
the decisions.
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